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当前位置:首页 > 教学参考> 物理广角> 物理学家 > 内容详情

华裔科学家——崔琦

作者:佚名  人气: 1317 次  时间:2004年11月04日  星级:

在1998年度诺贝尔物理学奖获得者中,又有一名华裔科学家获此殊荣,他就是继杨振宁、李政道、丁肇中、李远哲、朱律文之后的第六位获得诺贝尔奖的美籍华裔科学家——崔琦.
崔琦,1939年出生于河南省宝丰县的一个乡村.由于贫困,乡中连一间校舍也没有,崔琦只有接受私塾中的四书、五经教育. 不久,他便随大姐来到香港直接进入六年级学习.在香港,他面临的最大困难是语言关,一是学说广东话,二是学好英文.后来,他进入培正中学就读,这使他的英文进步很快,因为这是一所双语并用的学校,课本用中文,授课用英语或是名词中英对照,这种教学方式使崔琦受益匪浅.他后来回忆认为:华人研读科学应该中英文交错使用,才可兼容并蓄,收到真正学习之效.他说,只懂得中文会令科学家无法追读最新的科研报告,而完全放弃中文却是舍本逐末.
1958年,19岁的崔琦到了美国伊利诺伊州的奥古斯塔纳学院学习,那时全校只有他一名华裔学生.由于青少年的崔琦在从河南辗转到香港,又从香港到美国的历程中,克服了种种挫折和困难,培养了他坚韧的性格,他勤奋学习,努力向上,以优异的成绩从学院毕业.为了进一步深造,他又来到芝加哥大学师从史达克教授,在这里,史达克教授风趣的物理教学、及物理学广博的奥妙,使崔琦对物理学产生了特别的喜好,并开始对物理学研究投入更多的精力,当他圆满完成这里的学业后,又前往贝尔研究室跟随罗威尔教授学习研究,这里的物理实验更使他趣味盎然,并决心投身于物理学的研究与探索.
崔琦一方面治学严谨、专心致志,对自己钟爱的物理学研究事业非常投入,他喜爱做物理实验,需要时常常是全身心地投入研究.有时为了实验研究的需要,他可不惜四处奔波,走遍波士顿及佛罗里达州,找个强力磁场以进行他的“量子液体实验”,并且工作时很少理会身旁其它事情,以致他的研究工作非常出色、非常有效率.在发现了“分数量子霍尔效应”后两年,他便于1984年和另外两位应届诺贝尔物理学奖得主,赢得“美国科学院院士”荣誉头衔及巴克利物理大奖.而另一方面,崔琦又是一个很具幽默感、很随和的人,他常视物理实验如玩游戏,他说,能随心所欲设计新模型,能制造一个个用钱都买不到的新产品,那种满足感难以形容,做实验又有何难?“做研究报告才烦人呢!”.在研究中遇到困难时,他也会说:“外面天气很好,到外面玩玩再回来,不要压着自己钻进牛角尖,松弛一下,将会更有利于问题的解决.”这次他与另两位科学家因发现强磁场中共同相互作用的电子能形成具有分数分子电荷的新型“粒子”而获得1998年诺贝尔物理奖.崔琦却微笑说:“我还没有资格去提如何应用这个新理论.但它是客观存在的,量子物理的电子有其新的特性.”此外,崔琦还是一个兴趣广泛、全面发展的人.他对很多事物均感兴趣.当年,他不仅物理、生物、化学、中英文等学科成绩都特别好,而且他还喜爱打篮球和唱歌.大学毕业时,有同学对崔琦如下评价:“六尺身材堪谓高,天赋英聪功课好,兼长国、英、数,日常小事却糊徐,五毫当一毫.写字时笔墨飞舞,笔迹字体犹如乱草,指挥音乐,南拳北腿如比武,歌声动人,姿势美妙够风度……”.他还有一大爱好就是周末数小时的阅报,从不间断,无论是政治、科技,还是经济、艺术、体育,他都不放过.崔琦因此还幽默地说:自己什么新闻都爱看,但不是所有的都看得懂.也正是他广泛的兴趣和宽阔的知识面,使他思维活跃,脑中经常涌现新想法,新念头像是永无止境.
从一个贫穷乡间的普通孩子成长为诺贝尔物理学奖获得者.崔琦的成功是华人的骄傲,崔琦的成才经验和全面素质培养也是值得我们借鉴的.

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