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积极防治光污染

作者:佚名  人气: 2809 次  时间:2006年06月29日  星级:

国际上一般将光污染分成3类:白亮污染; 人工白昼; 彩光污染。

1、白亮污染:

主要指在白天, 阳光照射强烈时, 城市里建筑物的玻璃幕墙、 釉面砖墙、磨光大理石以及各种光面涂料等外墙装饰材料, 对阳光的反射形成二次光源, 明晃白亮, 眩眼夺目。

白色污染是建筑物对阳光的反射所造成的白亮污染, 对人体乃至周围环境所带来的危害是多方面的:它干扰机动车驾驶员的视觉,干扰人们的正常工作和学习,增加室内温度, 影响居民的正常生活,造成光热污染。

2、人工白昼:

主要指夜幕降临后, 商场、酒店上的广告灯、霓虹灯以及美化城市夜景的由人工布置的各种照明灯、泛光灯, 闪烁夺目、令人眼花缭乱, 有些强光光束甚至直冲云霄, 使得夜晚如同白昼一样。城市夜间照明带来的光污染不仅破坏了优美的夜空, 干扰了人们的休息, 也造成电力资源的巨大浪费。同时,夜间照明也可以使城市中心区域气温上升,形成气云和“温室效应”。

3、彩光污染:

主要指舞厅、夜总会等娱乐场所安装的黑光灯、旋转灯、荧光灯和闪烁的彩色光源所构成的彩光污染。据测定, 黑光灯所产生的紫外线强度大大高于太阳光中的紫外线, 且对人体有害影响的持续时间长。 人体如果长期接受这种照射, 可以诱发流鼻血、脱牙、白内障, 甚至导致白血病和其他癌变。 彩色光源让人眼花缭乱, 不仅对眼睛不利, 而且干扰大脑中枢神经, 使人感到头晕, 出现恶心呕吐.失眠等症状。 最新研究表明, 彩光污染不仅有损人体的生理功能, 还会影响人的心理健康。

防治措施:

一、应尽快着手制订我市防治城市光污染的标准,建议在深圳市环境保护法规中增加防治城市光污染内容。

二、要有效控制城市光污染。要严格按照照明标准设计,对那些正在建设的楼宇大厦以及夜景照明务必在规划时就考虑光污染问题。规范娱乐场所灯光使用标准,尽量减小强光灯的光照强度和缩短其使用时间;在居民集中地区应合理布局周围灯光、严格控制灯光强度;

三、在城市“灯光工程”建设中应注意灯光照射方位、强度、时间等,设计时要合理选择光源、灯具和布灯方案,尽量使用光束发散角小的灯具,并在灯具上采取加遮光罩或隔片的措施,严格限制光污染的产生。使得城市灯光的使用做到合理、够用。

四、应该建立健全光污染监管机制,认真做好防治光污染的监督和管理工作,因此,有关规划、城建、环保以及其他有关管理部门要建立相应制度,做好建筑物外观、夜景“灯光工程”以及娱乐场所的光污染审查、鉴定和验收工作,力求将光污染对人体和环境的影响降到最低程度。

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