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教学参考

无人船之迷

作者：佚名  人气： 1147 次  时间：2009年09月07日  星级：

迄今为止，人们在茫茫大海上已发现了数十艘无人船。孤独，奇异而神秘，像诉说一桩桩故事，却又无从说起。

1855年2月28日，英国三桅帆船马拉顿号在北大西洋遇到一艘美国船徒瑞姆斯·切斯捷尔号。该船风帆垂落，空无一人，而船只完好，货物依然如故，食物淡水充足，也无任何搏斗和暴力的迹象，只是不见一人，也找不到航海日记和罗盘。

1880年，人们在美国罗德艾兰州纽波特市伊斯顿斯·比奇镇附近的海面上也发现一艘名叫西拜尔德的无人船，船长室的早餐尚在，而全体船员却不知去向了。更为神秘的要算1881年底，美国快速机帆炮舰爱伦·奥斯汀号所经历的一件事了。这年12月12日，快速机帆炮舰巡游时，在北大西洋中发现一艘无人帆船。该船内除无人外，一切正常，水果、瓶装酒、淡水、食物完好无缺。舰长格里福芬命几个水兵留在帆船上，由他的军舰拖着这条船航行。离海岸还有三天路程时，海上狂风大作，拖船用的缆绳断裂，黑夜茫茫，两船失去了联系，呼叫无音。第二天，当爱伦·奥斯汀号发现该帆船时，但舰长派出的水兵都不见了！此时离纽约只有300公里，眼看就要到家了。格里福芬舰长又用重金买动了几个人到那艘帆船上去、这一天能见度很好，微风习习。黎明前，爱伦·奥斯汀号舵手发现船偏离了航线，当他回头再看拖着的帆船时，不禁大吃一惊：帆船不见了！就这样，这艘帆船的失踪成了航海史上又一个神秘的谜。

对于无人船案件，科学家给人们提供了一个谜底：海洋之声。确切地说，此类事件的出现，大都可能是受到海洋次声波的作用而造成的。

海洋次声波一般在风暴和强风下出现，其频率低于2O赫兹。以波浪表面波峰部波流断裂的程度，决定次声波的能量。如果是大风暴，次声波的功率可达数十千瓦。而次声波属弱衰减型能量），因而可以传得很远。当海船遇到这种强能量的次声波时，次声波对生物体会造成辐射现象。某些频率的次声波，可引起人的疲劳。痛苦，甚至导致失明。同时，过强的次声波常使人们惊恐导致人员失踪。

鉴于上述情况。目前有的国家已建立了预报次声波的机构。当它接受到危及生命的次声波寸，就立刻向有关方面发出预报，以减少“海洋之声”给航海人员带来的危害。

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