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教学参考

平面镜成像释疑

作者：罗铁  人气： 3274 次  时间：2008年07月31日  星级：

在初中物理的教学里，与平面镜成像相关的题目是经常出现的，虽然《物理课程标准》对这部分内容的要求较低，但在学习这部分内容的过程中确实有一些问题常常困惑着我们，本文就来讨论一下这方面的问题，以帮助同学们能更顺利地学好这一部分。
　　一、关于平面镜的结构及反光原理
　　平面镜是在一块平板玻璃的一面均匀地镀上一层金属膜（以前是银，现在多用铝等），在金属膜外面漆上一层起保护作用的漆即可形成（如图1甲）。


　　光射到平面镜上，先透过玻璃层，遇到金属膜再反射，反射光先透过玻璃层再进入空气里传播，光在经过空气和玻璃的交界面时虽有折射，但因玻璃厚度薄，一般不考虑其对光路的影响，所以在作图时，平面镜的示意图（如图1乙）主要画出其反光面（短斜线表示其背面）。
　　练习1、一铅笔尖垂直接触平面镜，笔尖的像到笔尖约有4毫米，问平面镜的厚度约有多大？
　　二、关于平面镜成像原理
　　如图2，平面镜前的蜡烛是怎样成像的呢？在烛焰上取一点S，发光点S射向镜面的无数条光（图甲中只画三条）经镜面反射后，每一条反射光的反向延长线会相交于镜面后同一点M（根据光的反射定律和三角形全等知识可证明），
.........

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