[err:数据源标签'PE.DataSource id="cone" datasource="资料_内容页" itemId="114654" xslt="true" wu="0"'返回数据错，原因：名称中不能包含“<”字符(十六进制值 0x3C)。 行 372，位置 59。，源码：11465431266备考2019年中考物理必考知识点复习专练（必考知识点精讲）：专题04 透镜及其应用（解析版和原卷版）610.50KB610.50Bdocczwlzx魏强czwlzx/UploadFiles/UserPic/UserAvatars/15219_150_150.jpg <script language="JavaScript" type="text/JavaScript" src="/Common/GetHits.aspx?id=114654"></script> <script language="JavaScript" type="text/JavaScript" src="/Common/GetHits.aspx?hitstype=dayhits&id=114654"></script> <script language="JavaScript" type="text/JavaScript" src="/Common/GetHits.aspx?hitstype=weekhits&id=114654"></script> <script language="JavaScript" type="text/JavaScript" src="/Common/GetHits.aspx?hitstype=monthhits&id=114654"></script> <script language="JavaScript" type="text/JavaScript" src="/Common/GetBrowseTimes.aspx?id=114654"></script> <img src="/images/star4.jpg" /> 魏强 0 备考2019年中考物理必考知识点复习专练（必考知识点精讲）,透镜及其应用2019年04月14日/UploadFiles/nopic.gif 考点 一：透镜 1．透镜分类：分为凸透镜和凹透镜两种。 2．凸透镜和凹 考点 一：透镜 1．透镜分类：分为凸透镜和凹透镜两种。 2．凸透镜和凹透镜特征比较：   凸透镜 凹透镜 外形特征 中间厚、边缘薄 中间薄、边缘厚 对光的作用 会聚 发散 相关 概念 【内容简介】 考点 一：透镜 1．透镜分类：分为凸透镜和凹透镜两种。 2．凸透镜和凹透镜特征比较：   凸透镜 凹透镜 外形特征 中间厚、边缘薄 中间薄、边缘厚 对光的作用 会聚 发散 相关 概念 三条特 殊光线   考点 二：凸透镜的成像规律及其应用 1．凸透镜成像规律及应用 物距(u) 和焦距(f) 的关系 像的性质 像和物的位置关系 像距(v) 和焦距(f)的关系 应用 正立或倒立 放大等大或缩小 实像或虚像 像和物同侧或异侧 u＞2f 倒立 缩小 实像 异侧 f ＜ v ＜ 2f 照相机 u＝2f 倒立 等大 实像 异侧 v ＝ 2f 测焦距 f＜u＜2f 倒立 放大 实像 异侧 v ＞ 2f 投影仪 u＝f 不成像 —— —— —— —— 不成像会聚一点 u＜f 正立 放大 虚像 同侧 —— 放大镜   2．凸透镜成像规律拓展： ①焦点分界：2f是成放大实像与缩小实像的分界点，f是成实像与虚像的分界点。 ②凸透镜成实像的动态规律：物体沿主光轴移动时，像和物移动方向一致，即物距减小(增大)，像距增大(减小)，像变大(小)；成虚像的动态规律：物体沿主光轴移动时，像和物移动方向一致，物近像近像变小，物远像远像变大。 （凸透镜成像变化规律口诀法：一焦分虚实，二焦分大小，虚像同侧正，实像异侧倒，物体移向凸透镜，实像变远且变大，虚像变近且变小。） 3．生活中的透镜   4．探究凸透镜成像规律注意问题： （1）做实验时，根据光具座的长度l与透镜焦距f的关系是l>4f。 （2）实验中，先将凸透镜固定在光具座中间的某一刻度处，做好记录，再将蜡烛和光屏分别置于两侧。 （3）为了使像成在光屏的中央，应使烛焰的焰心、透镜的光心、光屏的中心在同一高度。 （4）如果烛焰的像靠近光屏上端，原因可能是凸透镜太高、烛焰太低、光屏太低，调整的方法分别是透镜下移、烛焰上移、光屏上移。 （5）在探究凸透镜成像规律时，凸透镜不动，将蜡烛逐渐靠近凸透镜，光屏则相应地远离凸透镜直到光屏上呈现清晰的像。 （6）凸透镜在成实像时，物距变大，像距变小，像变小，在u>2f时，物距的变化量Δu大于像距的变化量Δv，在f 考点 一：透镜 1．透镜分类：分为凸透镜和凹透镜两种。 2．凸透镜和凹透镜特征比较： <p><em>所属专辑：</em> <a href='/Special_136/Index.aspx' target='_blank'> 备考2019年中考物理必考知识点复习专练（必考知识点精讲与巩固提升专练） </a> </p> 下载地址1|sj/2019/4/2019414798.doc$$$下载地址2|sj/2019/4/20194147910.doc<p style="line-height:150%;layout-grid-mode:char;vertical-align:middle;"> <img height="64" src="file:///C:/Users/ADMINI~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg" width="186" /> </p> <p style="text-indent:21.1pt;line-height:150%;"> <strong>考点</strong> <strong>一：透镜</strong> </p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:150%;">1．透镜分类：分为<u>凸</u>透镜和<u>凹</u>透镜两种。</p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:150%;">2．凸透镜和凹透镜特征比较：</p> <table align="center" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;border:none;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width:124px;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;"> </p> </td> <td style="width:225px;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">凸透镜</p> </td> <td style="width:225px;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">凹透镜</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:124px;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">外形特征</p> </td> <td style="width:225px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">中间<u>厚</u>、边缘<u>薄</u></p> </td> <td style="width:225px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">中间<u>薄</u>、边缘<u>厚</u></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:124px;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">对光的作用</p> </td> <td style="width:225px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">会聚</p> </td> <td style="width:225px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">发散</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:124px;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">相关</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">概念</p> </td> <td style="width:225px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;"> <img height="72" src="file:///C:/Users/ADMINI~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.jpg" width="99" /> </p> </td> <td style="width:225px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;"> <img height="57" src="file:///C:/Users/ADMINI~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.jpg" width="100" /> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:124px;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">三条特</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">殊光线</p> </td> <td style="width:225px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;"> <img height="57" src="file:///C:/Users/ADMINI~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image008.jpg" width="73" /> </p> </td> <td style="width:225px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;"> <img height="57" src="file:///C:/Users/ADMINI~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image010.jpg" width="71" /> </p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="clear:both;"> </div> <p style="text-indent:21.1pt;line-height:150%;"> <strong>考点</strong> <strong>二：凸透镜的成像规律及其应用</strong> </p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:150%;">1．凸透镜成像规律及应用</p> <table align="center" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;border:none;" width="574"> <tbody> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="width:82px;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">物距(u) 和焦距(f) 的关系</p> </td> <td colspan="3" style="width:246px;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">像的性质</p> </td> <td style="width:82px;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">像和物的位置关系</p> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="width:82px;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">像距(v) 和焦距(f)的关系</p> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="width:82px;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">应用</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:82px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">正立或倒立</p> </td> <td style="width:82px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">放大等大或缩小</p> </td> <td style="width:82px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">实像或虚像</p> </td> <td style="width:82px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">像和物同侧或异侧</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:82px;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">u＞2f</p> </td> <td style="width:82px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;"> <u>倒立</u> </p> </td> <td style="width:82px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;"> <u>缩小</u> </p> </td> <td style="width:82px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;"> <u>实像</u> </p> </td> <td style="width:82px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;"> <u>异侧</u> </p> </td> <td style="width:82px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;"> <u>f</u> <u>＜</u> <u>v</u> <u>＜</u> <u>2f</u> </p> </td> <td style="width:82px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;"> <u>照相机</u> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:82px;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">u＝2f</p> </td> <td style="width:82px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;"> <u>倒立</u> </p> </td> <td style="width:82px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;"> <u>等大</u> </p> </td> <td style="width:82px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;"> <u>实像</u> </p> </td> <td style="width:82px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">异侧</p> </td> <td style="width:82px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;"> <u>v</u> <u>＝</u> <u>2f</u> </p> </td> <td style="width:82px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">测焦距</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:82px;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">f＜u＜2f</p> </td> <td style="width:82px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;"> <u>倒立</u> </p> </td> <td style="width:82px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;"> <u>放大</u> </p> </td> <td style="width:82px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;"> <u>实像</u> </p> </td> <td style="width:82px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;"> <u>异侧</u> </p> </td> <td style="width:82px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;"> <u>v</u> <u>＞</u> <u>2f</u> </p> </td> <td style="width:82px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;"> <u>投影仪</u> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:82px;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">u＝f</p> </td> <td style="width:82px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;"> <u>不成像</u> </p> </td> <td style="width:82px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">——</p> </td> <td style="width:82px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">——</p> </td> <td style="width:82px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">——</p> </td> <td style="width:82px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">——</p> </td> <td style="width:82px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">不成像会聚一点</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:82px;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">u＜f</p> </td> <td style="width:82px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;"> <u>正立</u> </p> </td> <td style="width:82px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;"> <u>放大</u> </p> </td> <td style="width:82px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;"> <u>虚像</u> </p> </td> <td style="width:82px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">同侧</p> </td> <td style="width:82px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">——</p> </td> <td style="width:82px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;"> <u>放大镜</u> </p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="clear:both;"> </div> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:150%;">2．凸透镜成像规律拓展：</p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:150%;">①焦点分界：2f是成<u>放大</u>实像与<u>缩小</u>实像的分界点，f是成<u>实</u>像与<u>虚</u>像的分界点。</p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:150%;">②凸透镜成实像的动态规律：物体沿主光轴移动时，像和物移动方向一致，即物距减小(增大)，像距增大(减小)，像变大(小)；成虚像的动态规律：物体沿主光轴移动时，像和物移动方向一致，物近像近像变小，物远像远像变大。</p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:150%;">（凸透镜成像变化规律口诀法：一焦分虚实，二焦分大小，虚像同侧正，实像异侧倒，物体移向凸透镜，实像变远且变大，虚像变近且变小。）</p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:150%;">3．生活中的透镜</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;"> </p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:150%;">4．探究凸透镜成像规律注意问题：</p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:150%;">（1）做实验时，根据光具座的长度l与透镜焦距f的关系是l&gt;4f。</p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:150%;">（2）实验中，先将凸透镜固定在光具座中间的某一刻度处，做好记录，再将蜡烛和光屏分别置于两侧。</p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:150%;">（3）为了使像成在光屏的中央，应使烛焰的焰心、透镜的光心、光屏的中心在同一高度。</p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:150%;">（4）如果烛焰的像靠近光屏上端，原因可能是凸透镜太高、烛焰太低、光屏太低，调整的方法分别是透镜下移、烛焰上移、光屏上移。</p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:150%;">（5）在探究凸透镜成像规律时，凸透镜不动，将蜡烛逐渐靠近凸透镜，光屏则相应地远离凸透镜直到光屏上呈现清晰的像。</p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:150%;">（6）凸透镜在成实像时，物距变大，像距变小，像变小，在u&gt;2f时，物距的变化量Δu大于像距的变化量Δv，在f&lt;u&lt;2f时，物距变化量Δu小于像距的变化量Δv。</p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:150%;">（7）若将凸透镜的一部分遮住，成像的性质不变，但像变暗。</p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:150%;">（8）成实像，像与物上下颠倒，左右颠倒。</p> <p style="text-indent:21.1pt;line-height:150%;"> <strong>考点</strong> <strong>三：眼睛与眼镜</strong> </p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:150%;">1．眼睛与照相机比较</p> <table align="center" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;border:none;" width="527"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width:180px;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;"> </p> </td> <td style="width:264px;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">眼睛</p> </td> <td style="width:82px;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">照相机</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:180px;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">折光元件</p> </td> <td style="width:264px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">晶状体、角膜</p> </td> <td style="width:82px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">凸透镜</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:180px;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">成像元件</p> </td> <td style="width:264px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">视网膜</p> </td> <td style="width:82px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">光屏</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:180px;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">看远近不同</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">物体的调节</p> </td> <td style="width:264px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">调节晶状体的弯曲</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">程度(调节焦距)</p> </td> <td style="width:82px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">调节像距</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="clear:both;"> </div> <p style="text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">2．近视眼和远视眼的比较</p> <table align="center" border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;border:none;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width:149px;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;"> </p> </td> <td style="width:213px;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">近视眼</p> </td> <td style="width:213px;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">远视眼</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:149px;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">视觉特征</p> </td> <td style="width:213px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">近处清，远处模糊</p> </td> <td style="width:213px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">远处清，近处模糊</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:149px;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">形成原因</p> </td> <td style="width:213px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">晶状体太厚</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">眼球前后方</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">向太长</p> </td> <td style="width:213px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">晶状体太薄</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">眼球前后方</p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">向太短</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:149px;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">成像情况</p> </td> <td style="width:213px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;"> </p> </td> <td style="width:213px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;"> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:149px;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">矫正眼镜</p> </td> <td style="width:213px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">凹透镜</p> </td> <td style="width:213px;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">凸透镜</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="clear:both;"> </div> <p style="text-indent:21.1pt;line-height:150%;"> <strong>考点</strong> <strong>四：显微镜和望远镜</strong> </p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:150%;">1．显微镜的结构与作用</p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:150%;">物体―→物镜目镜眼睛</p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:150%;">2．望远镜的结构与作用</p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:150%;">物体―→物镜目镜眼睛</p> <p style="text-indent:21.0pt;line-height:150%;">3．视角:物体对眼睛所成视角的大小与物体本身的大小和物体到眼睛的距离有关。</p> <p style="line-height:150%;layout-grid-mode:char;vertical-align:middle;"> <img height="64" src="file:///C:/Users/ADMINI~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image018.jpg" width="185" /> </p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;line-height:150%;layout-grid-mode:char;vertical-align:middle;"> <strong>考点一</strong>  <strong>透镜</strong></p> <p style="text-indent: 21.2pt; line-height: 150%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"> <strong>【典例】</strong> <a href="#http://www.jyeoo.com/physics/report/detail/eec02e5f-0016-4e2a-a296-664f6209dd30" title="此年份及地区表示：该试题最新出现所在的试卷年份及地区"> <span style="text-decoration-line:none;">（</span> <span style="text-decoration-line:none;">2018•</span> <span style="text-decoration-line:none;">济宁）</span> </a> <span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">在图中的实线框内填上一个合适的透镜。</span> </p> <p align="center" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 24.1pt; line-height: 150%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"> </p> <p style="text-indent: 21.1pt; line-height: 150%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">【答案】见解析</p> <p style="text-indent: 21.1pt; line-height: 150%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">【解析】<span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">平行光经透镜后变得发散，因此该透镜对光线起发散作用，为凹透镜：</span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 24.1pt; line-height: 150%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"> </p> <p style="text-indent: 21.1pt; line-height: 150%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">【点评】本题考查凹透镜的对光线的作用，是基础题。</p> <p style="text-indent:21.2pt;line-height:150%;vertical-align:middle;"> <strong>【跟踪练习】</strong> </p> <p style="margin-left: 15.75pt; text-indent: -15.75pt; line-height: 150%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">1．<a href="#http://www.jyeoo.com/physics/report/detail/715d8df0-1933-4023-b4aa-5cf0e8b0dbc8"><span style="text-decoration-line:none;">（</span><span style="text-decoration-line:none;">2018•</span><span style="text-decoration-line:none;">广州）</span></a>将物体分别放在甲、乙凸透镜前，物距相同，通过甲透镜成正立放大的像，通过乙透镜成倒立缩小的像。如图是平行于主光轴的光线通过甲透镜的光路图，下列选项中哪幅图可能是平行于主光轴的光线通过乙透镜的光路图</p> <p align="center" style="margin-left: 14.15pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"> </p> <p align="center" style="margin-left: 14.15pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"> </p> <p style="margin-left:14.15pt;line-height:150%;">A．                B．C．               D．</p> <p style="margin-left: 35.35pt; text-indent: -21.2pt; line-height: 150%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">【答案】A</p> <p style="margin-left: 14.15pt; line-height: 150%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; vertical-align: middle;"> <img border="0" height="115" src="file:///C:/Users/ADMINI~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image034.jpg" width="644" /> </p> <p style="margin-left:14.15pt;text-indent:-14.15pt;line-height:150%;">2．<a href="#http://www.jyeoo.com/physics/report/detail/9d97266f-1fdd-4320-99a8-e0e35e9383e9"><span style="text-decoration-line:none;">（</span></a><a href="#http://www.jyeoo.com/physics/report/detail/9d97266f-1fdd-4320-99a8-e0e35e9383e9"><span style="text-decoration-line:none;">2018•</span><span style="text-decoration-line:none;">宜宾）</span></a><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">如图所示，将一个凸透镜正对太阳，其下方</span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">20cm</span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">处的白纸上呈现出一个较小的光斑，这个现象提示我们：凸透镜对光有</span>________<span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">作用；若将该透镜向纸面再靠近一小段距离的过程中，光斑一直变小，由此可以判断该透镜的焦距一定</span>________<span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">20cm</span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">（选填</span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">“</span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">大于</span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">”</span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">、</span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">“</span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">等于</span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">”</span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">或</span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">“</span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">小于</span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">”</span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">）。</span></p> <p align="center" style="text-align: center; line-height: 150%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"> </p> <p style="margin-left: 14.15pt; line-height: 150%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; vertical-align: middle;">【答案】会聚；小于。</p> <p style="margin-left: 14.15pt; line-height: 150%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; vertical-align: middle;"> <img border="0" height="82" src="file:///C:/Users/ADMINI~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image038.jpg" width="639" /> </p> <p align="center" style="margin-left: 14.15pt; text-align: center; line-height: 150%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; vertical-align: middle;"> </p> <p style="margin-left: 14.15pt; text-indent: -14.15pt; line-height: 150%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">3．<a href="#http://www.jyeoo.com/physics/report/detail/8ba43197-d5f0-4e30-9f9b-6c6be5442c3d"><span style="text-decoration-line:none;">（</span></a><a href="#http://www.jyeoo.com/physics/report/detail/8ba43197-d5f0-4e30-9f9b-6c6be5442c3d"><span style="text-decoration-line:none;">2018•</span><span style="text-decoration-line:none;">广东）</span></a><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">利用太阳光测量两块凸透镜的焦距，请在图中的虚线框内设计测量焦距的实验记录表格。（物理量和单位均可采用文字或符号说明）</span></p> <p align="center" style="margin-left: 24.25pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -24.25pt; line-height: 150%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"> </p> <p style="margin-left: 21.1pt; text-indent: 0.1pt; line-height: 150%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">【答案】C</p> <p style="margin-left:21.1pt;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">【解析】<span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">利用太阳光粗测凸透镜焦距的方法：在有阳光的室外，将凸透镜正对太阳，调整凸透镜到地面的距离，直到在地面上出现一个最小、最亮的光斑，这个光斑就是凸透镜的焦点，用刻度尺量出光斑到凸透镜的距离，就是焦距</span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">f</span><span style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">。</span></p> <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left: 1.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border-collapse: collapse;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 217px; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: black; padding: 3.75pt;"> <p align="center" style="margin-left:21.1pt;text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;"> <span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">凸透镜编号</span> </p> </td> <td style="width: 217px; border-top: 1pt solid black; border-right: 1pt solid black; border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: none; padding: 3.75pt;"> <p align="center" style="margin-left:21.1pt;text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;"> <span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">焦距（</span> <span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">cm</span> <span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">）</span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-right: 1pt solid black; border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 3.75pt;"> <p align="center" style="margin-left:21.1pt;text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">1</p> </td> <td style="border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-right: 1pt solid black; border-bottom: 1pt solid black; border-left: 1pt solid black; border-top: none; padding: 3.75pt;"> <p align="center" style="margin-left:21.1pt;text-align:center;text-indent:.1pt;line-height:150%;">2</p> </td> <td style="border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;padding:3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt 3.75pt;"> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="clear:both;"> </div> <p style="margin-left: 21.1pt; text-indent: 0.1pt; line-height: 150%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; vertical-align: middle;"> </p> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;line-height:150%;layout-grid-mode:char;vertical-align:middle;"> <strong>考点二</strong>  <strong>凸透镜成像规律及应用</strong></p> <p style="text-indent: 21.2pt; line-height: 150%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"> <strong>【典例】</strong> <a href="#http://www.jyeoo.com/physics/report/detail/1cb70902-2095-4f77-8a3a-8c16995756d3" title="此年份及地区表示：该试题最新出现所在的试卷年份及地区"> <span style="text-decoration-line:none;">（</span> <span style="text-decoration-line:none;">2018•</span> <span style="text-decoration-line:none;">锦州）</span> </a>在探究凸透镜成像规律的实验中，当蜡烛、凸透镜、光屏位于如图所示的位置时在光屏上呈现一个清晰的烛焰的像。下列说法正确的是</p> <p align="center" style="text-align: center; text-indent: 24.1pt; line-height: 150%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"> </p> <p style="text-indent:21.1pt;line-height:150%;">A．透镜不动，蜡烛和光屏都向右移动，可以看到像变大</p> <p style="text-indent:21.1pt;line-height:150%;">B．此时成正立、放大的实像，与投影仪原理相同</p> <p style="text-indent:21.1pt;line-height:150%;">C．透镜右移，眼睛在光屏和透镜间，通过透镜看到正立的像</p> <p style="text-indent:21.1pt;line-height:150%;">D．若在透镜和蜡烛之间放远视镜片，应将光屏适当右移，可再次出现清晰的像</p> <p style="text-indent: 21.1pt; line-height: 150%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">【答案】A</p> <p style="line-height: 150%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"> </p> <p style="text-indent: 21.1pt; line-height: 150%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">【点评】本题考查了凸透镜成像规律及特点的应用，理解凸透镜成像的规律是关键。</p> <p style="text-indent: 21.2pt; line-height: 150%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; vertical-align: middle;"> <strong>【跟踪练习】</strong> </p> <p style="line-height: 150%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">1．<a href="#http://www.jyeoo.com/physics/report/detail/7e883f30-6042-454e-8ba6-60740ed3e963" title="此年份及地区表示：该试题最新出现所在的试卷年份及地区"><span style="text-decoration-line:none;">（</span></a><a href="#http://www.jyeoo.com/physics/report/detail/7e883f30-6042-454e-8ba6-60740ed3e963" title="此年份及地区表示：该试题最新出现所在的试卷年份及地区"><span style="text-decoration-line:none;">2018•</span><span style="text-decoration-line:none;">百色）</span></a>做凸透镜成像实验，当蜡烛距透镜15cm时，在光屏上成放大的像，则下列说法错误的是</p> <p style="margin-left:21.25pt;line-height:150%;">A．蜡烛距透镜45 cm时，一定成缩小的实像      B．蜡烛距透镜20 cm时，一定成放大的实像</p> <p style="margin-left:21.25pt;line-height:150%;">C．蜡烛距透镜18 cm时，可能成放大的实像       D．蜡烛距透镜6 cm时，一定成放大的虚像</p> <p style="margin-left: 39.2pt; text-indent: -21.2pt; line-height: 150%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">【答案】B。</p> <p style="margin-left: 18pt; line-height: 150%; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">【解析】<span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">蜡烛距凸透镜</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">15cm</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">时，在光屏上成放大小的像，可知</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">2f</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">＞</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">15cm</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">＞</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">f</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">，即</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">15cm</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">＞</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">f</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">＞</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">7.5cm</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">，</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">A</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">、焦距</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">15cm</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">＞</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">f</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">＞</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">7.5cm</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">，蜡烛距凸透镜</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">45cm</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">时，物距大于二倍焦距，一定成缩小的像，故</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">A</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">正确。</span><br /><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">B</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">、焦距</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">15cm</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">＞</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">f</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">＞</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">7.5cm</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">，蜡烛距凸透镜</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">20cm</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">时，物距可能大于二倍焦距，也可能在二倍焦距和一倍焦距之间，所以可能成放大的实像，也可能成缩小的实像，故</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">B</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">错。</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">C</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">、焦距</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">15cm</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">＞</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">f</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">＞</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">7.5cm</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">，蜡烛距凸透镜</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">18cm</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">时，物距可能大于二倍焦距，也可能在二倍焦距和一倍焦距之间，所以可能成放大的实像，也可能成缩小的实像，故</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">C</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">正确。</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">D</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">、焦距</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">15cm</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">＞</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">f</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">＞</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">7.5cm</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">，蜡烛距凸透镜</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">6cm</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">时，物距小于一倍焦距，一定成放大的虚像，故</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">D</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">正确。故选</span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;">B</span><span 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